How and Why Endoscopy is Used in Children

(HealthNewsDigest.com) – Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to visually examine the digestive system with a tiny camera on the end of a long, flexible tube. An upper endoscopy examines the stomach, esophagus and small intestines. A colonoscopy, which is another type of endoscopy, is used to examine the rectum, large intestine and colon.

In children, endoscopy can be used to look for causes of unexplained abdominal pain, to diagnose swallowing disorders or to identify conditions including Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and polyps.

Undergoing any type of procedure can be stressful for kids, parents or caregivers. Dr. Pua Hopson, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Mayo Clinic Children’s Center, explains endoscopy is a relatively quick and painless procedure.

“An upper endoscopy typically takes 10 minutes, while colonoscopy may take 30 minutes,” says Dr. Hopson. “I tell the kids it takes longer to put them to sleep with anesthesia or sedation than the actual procedure. And once you wake up, your parents will be right by your side.”

One condition Dr. Hopson commonly treats in children is eosinophilic esophagitis (e-o-sin-o-FILL-ik uh-sof-uh-JIE-tis), known as EoE. This is a chronic immune system disease in which a type of white blood cell (eosinophil) builds up in the lining of the esophagus. This buildup, which is a reaction to foods, allergens or acid reflux, can inflame or injure the esophageal tissue. Damaged esophageal tissue can lead to difficulty swallowing or cause food to get stuck when you swallow. EoE is diagnosed through biopsy using an upper endoscopy.

On this Ask the Mayo Mom edition of the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, host Dr. Angela Mattke is joined by Dr. Hopson to discuss how and why endoscopy is used in children.

Questions:

1. What is endoscopy? What is the different between an upper endoscopy and colonoscopy?
2. Why would someone need to get an endoscopy?
3. What should a patient expect on the day of the procedure?
   1. How to prepare children for them/explain it to them?
      1. Will it hurt?
      1. Will I remember it?
      1. Who will be involved?
   1. Can you show any of the equipment?
4. Are there any complications of the procedure?
5. What are some of the diagnoses you can find with endoscopy? (Can be the lead in to EoE)
6. What is EoE? 
   1. How does it present? What kind of symptoms? When to suspect it?
   1. How is it diagnosed?
   1. What are the treatments, follow-up, new medications (clinical trials), new procedures, etc